Zutreffende Spezies (Botanik)
| ● | Acer negundo L. - speziesspezifisch giftig |
| ● | Acer palmatum Thunb. - speziesspezifisch giftig |
| ● | Acer pseudoplatanus L. - speziesspezifisch giftig |
| ● | Acer saccharinum L. - speziesspezifisch giftig |
| ● | Acer velutinum Boiss. - speziesspezifisch giftig |
| ● | Rhytisma acerinum (Pers.) Fr. - speziesspezifisch giftig |
Toxizitätsgrad
Speziesspezifisch giftig ± (Erläuterungen)Hauptwirkstoffe
| - | Mykotoxine des Rhytisma acerinum (Van der Kolk et al., 2010), eventuell als erschwerdender Faktor zu: |
| - | Nicht-proteinogene Aminosäure: Hypoglycin A in den Samen und Keimlingen von Acer negundo, Acer pseudoplantanus und Acer palmatum. |
| - | Allenfalls auch Beteiligung von Clostridium sordellii (Unger et al., 2010). |
Zielorgane
MuskulaturWirkungsmechanismen
Hypoglycin A, allenfalls zusammen mit den Mykotoxinen des Rhytisma acerinum sowie Clostridium sordellii, kann durch Hemmung der mitochondrialen Dehydrogenasen die Atypische Weidemyoptahie bei Pferden auslösen.| - | Akute Myonekrose der Atmungs-, Haltungs- und eventuell der Herzmuskulatur sowie eine Myoglobinurie. Diese Myopathie kann in 75% der Fälle innerhalb von 72 Stunden zum Tod führen. |
Veterinärtoxikologie
Letale Dosis / Toxische Dosis
UnbekanntKlinische Symptome
Pferde: Atypische Myopathie/saisonale Weidemyopathie mit Muskelschwäche, -steifheit, dunklem Urin, häufigem Liegen, Anzeichen einer Kolik, Muskelzittern und starken (Muskel)schmerzen. Bei 75% der betroffenen Tiere kann es innerhalb von 72 Stunden zum Tod kommen (Kolk et al., 2010; Valberg et al., 2012).Prävention der Atypischen Weidemyopathie:
- In den Risikozeiten Frühling und Herbst (Oktober-Dezember) Weidedauer von 6 Stunden nicht überschreiten.
- Nicht auf Weiden mit Baumbestand (besonders Ahorn), Altholz oder Laub.
- Auf stark verbissenen Weiden ausreichend Heu zufüttern.
Therapie
Dekontamination / Symptomatische Therapie (siehe Notfalltherapie)Literatur
| - | Baise E., Habyarimana J.A., Amory H., Boemer F., Douny C., Gustin P., Marcillaud-Pitel C., Patarin F., Weber M. & Votion D.M. (2015) Samaras and seedlings of Acer pseudoplatanus are potential sources of hypoglycin A intoxication in atypical myopathy without necessarily inducing clinical signs. Equine Vet J., ahead of print |
| - | Bochnia M., Ziegler J., Sander J., Uhlig A., Schaefer S., Vollstedt S., Glatter M., Abel S., Recknagel S., Schusser G.F., Wensch-Dorendorf M. & Zeyner A. (2015) Hypoglycin A Content in Blood and Urine Discriminates Horses with Atypical Myopathy from Clinically Normal Horses Grazing on the Same Pasture. PLoS One 10(9), e0136785 |
| - | Boemer F, Deberg M, Schoos R, Baise E, Amory H, Gault G, Carlier J, Gaillard Y, Marcillaud-Pitel C & Votion D. (2015) Quantification of hypoglycin A in serum using aTRAQ(®) assay. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 997, 75-80 |
| - | British Equine Veterinary Association (BEVA)(2015) Warning of potential spring cases of atypical myopathy in horses. Vet Rec. 176(10), 240 |
| - | Carlier J., Guitton J., Moreau C., Boyer B., Bévalot F., Fanton L., Habyarimana J., Gault G. & Gaillard Y. (2015) A validated method for quantifying hypoglycin A in whole blood by UHPLC-HRMS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 26, 978-979 |
| - | Gillman J.H., Hegeman A.D. & Sharp R.G. (2014) Clarifying the role of maples in atypical myopathy. Equine Vet J. 46(2), 135-136 |
| - | Gonzalez-Medina S. (2015) Update on the cause of equine atypical myopathy. Vet Rec. 176(6), 143-145 |
| - | Gröndahl G., Berglund A., Skidell J., Bondesson U. & Salomonsson M. (2015) Clinical Research Abstracts of the British Equine Veterinary Association Congress 2015. Equine Vet J. 47 Suppl 48, 22 |
| - | Karami S.M., Kavosi M.R., Hajizadeh G., Jalilvand H. (2014) Biotechnical control of tar spot (Rhytisma acerinum2N) disease on velvet maple (Acer velutinum Boiss) in vitro. Journal of Forest Science 60(8), 330-335 |
| - | Kolk van der J.H., Wijnberg I.D., Westermann C.M., Dorland L., de Sain-van der Velden M.G., Kranenburg L.C., Duran M., Dijkstra J.A., Lugt van der J.J., Wanders R.J. & Gruys E. (2010) Equine acquired multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) in 14 horses associated with ingestion of Maple leaves (Acer pseudoplatanus) covered with European tar spot (Rhytisma acerinum). Mol Genet Metab. 101(2-3), 289-291 |
| - | Leith I.D. & Fowler D. (1987) Urban distribution of Rhytisma acerinum (Pers.) Fries (tar spot) on sycamore. New Phytologist 108, 175-181 |
| - | McKenzie R.K., Gibson I.R. & Ritmeester A. (2013) Three cases of a presumptive atypical myopathy in New Zealand horses. N Z Vet J. 61(6), 367-372 |
| - | McKenzie R.K., Hill F.I., Habyarimana J.A., Boemer F. & Votion D.M. (2015) Detection of hypoglycin A in the seeds of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) and box elder (A. negundo) in New Zealand; the toxin associated with cases of equine atypical myopathy. N Z Vet J. 22, 1-17 |
| - | Meyer S. (1987) Untersuchungen über mögliche Resistenzursachen verschiedener Ahorn-Arten gegenüber Rhytisma acerinum und Rhytisma punctatum. Diplomarbeit, Forstw. Fak., LMU München |
| - | PubChem (2016) pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |
| - | Sas A.M., van der Kolk J.H., Dank M. & Westermann C.M. (2012) Atypical myopathy: a review and description of the outbreak in the Netherlands during autumn 2009 and spring 2010. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 137(8), 514-21 |
| - | Sponseller B.T., Valberg S.J., Schultz N.E., Bedford H., Wong D.M., Kersh K. & Shelton G.D. (2012) Equine multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) associated with seasonal pasture myopathy in the midwestern United States. J Vet Intern Med. 26(4), 1012-1018 |
| - | Unger-Torroledo L., Straub R., Lehmann A.D., Graber F., Stahl C., Frey J., Gerber V., Hoppeler H. & Baum O. (2010) Lethal toxin of Clostridium sordellii is associated with fatal equine atypical myopathy. Vet Microbiol. 144(3-4), 487-492 |
| - | Unger L., Nicholson A., Jewitt E.M., Gerber V., Hegeman A., Sweetman L. & Valberg S. (2014) Hypoglycin A concentrations in seeds of Acer pseudoplatanus trees growing on atypical myopathy-affected and control pastures. J Vet Intern Med. 28(4), 1289-1293 |
| - | Valberg S.J., Sponseller B.T., Hegeman A.D., Earing J., Bender J.B., Martinson K.L., Patterson S.E. & Sweetman L. (2013) Seasonal pasture myopathy/atypical myopathy in North America associated with ingestion of hypoglycin A within seeds of the box elder tree. Equine Vet J. 45(4), 419-426 |
| - | Van Galen G., Cerri S., Porter S., Saegerman C., Lefere L., Roscher K., Marr C., Amory H. & Votion D.M. (2013) Traditional and quantitative assessment of acid-base and shock variables in horses with atypical myopathy. J Vet Intern Med. 27(1), 186-193 |
| - | Van Galen G., Marcillaud Pitel C., Saegerman C., Patarin F., Amory H., Baily J.D., Cassart D., Gerber V., Hahn C., Harris P., Keen J.A., Kirschvink N., Lefere L., McGorum B., Muller J.M., Picavet M.T., Piercy R.J., Roscher K., Serteyn D., Unger L., van der Kolk J.H., van Loon G., Verwilghen D., Westermann C.M. & Votion D.M. (2012) European outbreaks of atypical myopathy in grazing equids (2006-2009): spatiotemporal distribution, history and clinical features. Equine Vet J. 44(5), 614-620 |
| - | Van Galen G., Saegerman C., Marcillaud Pitel C., Patarin F., Amory H., Baily J.D., Cassart D., Gerber V., Hahn C., Harris P., Keen J.A., Kirschvink N., Lefere L., McGorum B., Muller J.M., Picavet M.T., Piercy R.J., Roscher K., Serteyn D., Unger L., van der Kolk J.H., van Loon G., Verwilghen D., Westermann C.M. & Votion DM. (2012) European outbreaks of atypical myopathy in grazing horses (2006-2009): determination of indicators for risk and prognostic factors. Equine Vet J. 44(5), 621-625 |
| - | Van Der Vekens N., Decloedt A., Sys S., Ven S., De Clercq D. & van Loon G. (2015) Evaluation of assays for troponin I in healthy horses and horses with cardiac disease. Vet J. 203(1), 97-102 |
| - | Van Der Vekens N., Decloedt A., Ven S., De Clercq D. & van Loon G. (2015) Cardiac troponin I as compared to troponin T for the detection of myocardial damage in horses. J Vet Intern Med. 29(1), 348-354 |
| - | Van Der Vekens N., van Dievoet M.A., De Puydt H., Decloedt A., Ven S., De Clercq D., Deprez P. & van Loon G. (2015) Analytical validation of a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T assay in horses. J Vet Diagn Invest. 27(4), 504-509 |
| - | Verheyen T., Decloedt A., De Clercq D. & van Loon G. (2012) Cardiac changes in horses with atypical myopathy. J Vet Intern Med. 26(4), 1019-1026 |
| - | Votion D.M., van Galen G., Sweetman L., Boemer F., de Tullio P., Dopagne C., Lefère L., Mouithys-Mickalad A., Patarin F., Rouxhet S., van Loon G., Serteyn D., Sponseller B.T. & Valberg S.J. (2014) Identification of methylenecyclopropyl acetic acid in serum of European horses with atypical myopathy. Equine Vet J. 46(2), 146-149 |
| - | Westermann C.M., Dorland L., van Diggelen O.P., Schoonderwoerd K., Bierau J., Waterham H.R. & van der Kolk J.H. (2011) Decreased oxidative phosphorylation and PGAM deficiency in horses suffering from atypical myopathy associated with acquired MADD. Mol Genet Metab. 104(3), 273-278 |
| - | Zuraw A., Dietert K., Kühnel S., Sander J. & Klopfleisch R. (2015) Equine atypical myopathy caused by hypoglycin A intoxication associated with ingestion of sycamore maple tree seeds. Equine Vet J., ahead of print |
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